You may need to make sure the custom property you have created is marked Visible, but this is the code that ended up working for me in DNN 6.1.2.
UserInfo _currentUser = DotNetNuke.Entities.Users.UserController.GetCurrentUserInfo();
// Create Token
string sessionGuid = TokenLibrary.TokenSupport.CreateToken(_currentUser).ToString();
if (sessionGuid == null || (sessionGuid.Trim().Length < 1 )
sessionGuid = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000";
// Set User Property called "sessionGUID"
_currentUser.Profile.SetProfileProperty("sessionGUID", sessionGuid);
UserController.UpdateUser(_currentUser.PortalID, _currentUser);